Auth0でGoogle Cloud Endpointsをセキュリティ保護する
Google Cloud Endpoints(GCE)は、APIの作成、維持、およびセキュリティ保護などの機能を提供するAPI管理システムです。GCEはOpenAPIを使用して、APIのエンドポイント、入出力、エラー、およびセキュリティ記述を定義します。
OpenAPI仕様の詳細については、GitHubのOpenAPI Specification(OpenAPIの仕様)リポジトリを参照してください。
このチュートリアルでは、Auth0を使用してGoogle Cloud Endpointsをセキュリティ保護する方法を説明します。
前提条件
開始する前に、GCE APIをデプロイしておく必要があります。まだAPIを作成していない場合は、Googleドキュメントにある「Cloud Endpointsのクイックスタート」を読み、作業を完了させます。
このクイックスタートでは、3文字のIATAコードから空港名を返す/airportName
という単一のエンドポイントを持つ簡単なGCE APIを作成する手順を説明しています。
curl --request GET \
--url 'https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO'
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var client = new RestClient("https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO");
var request = new RestRequest(Method.GET);
IRestResponse response = client.Execute(request);
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package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"io/ioutil"
)
func main() {
url := "https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO"
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
res, _ := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
defer res.Body.Close()
body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
fmt.Println(res)
fmt.Println(string(body))
}
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HttpResponse<String> response = Unirest.get("https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")
.asString();
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var axios = require("axios").default;
var options = {
method: 'GET',
url: 'https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName',
params: {iataCode: 'SFO'}
};
axios.request(options).then(function (response) {
console.log(response.data);
}).catch(function (error) {
console.error(error);
});
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO"]
cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy
timeoutInterval:10.0];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request
completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"%@", error);
} else {
NSHTTPURLResponse *httpResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *) response;
NSLog(@"%@", httpResponse);
}
}];
[dataTask resume];
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$curl = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($curl, [
CURLOPT_URL => "https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO",
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_ENCODING => "",
CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS => 10,
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 30,
CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION => CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1,
CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST => "GET",
]);
$response = curl_exec($curl);
$err = curl_error($curl);
curl_close($curl);
if ($err) {
echo "cURL Error #:" . $err;
} else {
echo $response;
}
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import http.client
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection("")
conn.request("GET", "%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")
res = conn.getresponse()
data = res.read()
print(data.decode("utf-8"))
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require 'uri'
require 'net/http'
require 'openssl'
url = URI("https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")
http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
http.use_ssl = true
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(url)
response = http.request(request)
puts response.read_body
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import Foundation
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(url: NSURL(string: "https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")! as URL,
cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy,
timeoutInterval: 10.0)
request.httpMethod = "GET"
let session = URLSession.shared
let dataTask = session.dataTask(with: request as URLRequest, completionHandler: { (data, response, error) -> Void in
if (error != nil) {
print(error)
} else {
let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse
print(httpResponse)
}
})
dataTask.resume()
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Auth0でAPIを定義する
[Auth0 Dashboard] > [Applications(アプリケーション)] > [APIs]に進み、新しいAPIを作成します。

次のステップで使用するために、(上のスクリーンショットにあるhttp://google_api
)[API Audience(APIオーディエンス)]のIDをメモしておいてください。
API構成を更新する
次に、GCE API用のOpenAPI構成ファイルを更新します。クイックスタート中に作成されたサンプルAPIでは、このファイルはopenapi.yaml
となっています。
セキュリティ定義を追加する
この構成ファイルを開き、新しくsecurityDefinitions
セクションを追加します。このセクションに、以下のフィールドを持つ新しい定義(auth0_jwt
)を追加します。
フィールド | 説明 |
---|---|
authorizationUrl |
認可URLで、"https://{yourDomain}/authorize" に設定する必要があります。 |
flow |
OAuth2のセキュリティスキームで使用されるフローです。有効な値は"implicit" 、"password" 、"application" 、"accessCode" です。 |
type |
セキュリティスキームの種類です。有効な値は"basic" 、"apiKey" 、"oauth2" です。 |
x-google-issuer |
資格情報の発行者で、"https://{yourDomain}/" に設定する必要があります。 |
x-google-jwks_uri |
JSON Web Token(JWT)署名の検証に使用される公開鍵のURIです。これは"https://{yourDomain}/.well-known/jwks.json" に指定します。 |
x-google-audiences |
APIの識別子です。この値が、Auth0 DashboardでAPIに定義したものと一致することを確認してください。 |
securityDefinitions:
auth0_jwt:
authorizationUrl: "https://{yourDomain}/authorize"
flow: "implicit"
type: "oauth2"
x-google-issuer: "https://{yourDomain}/"
x-google-jwks_uri: "https://{yourDomain}/.well-known/jwks.json"
x-google-audiences: "{yourApiIdentifier}"
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エンドポイントを更新する
次に、前のステップで作成したsecurityDefinition
を使用してsecurity
フィールドを追加し、エンドポイントを更新します。
paths:
"/airportName":
get:
description: "Get the airport name for a given IATA code."
operationId: "airportName"
parameters:
-
name: iataCode
in: query
required: true
type: string
responses:
200:
description: "Success."
schema:
type: string
400:
description: "The IATA code is invalid or missing."
security:
- auth0_jwt: []
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上の例では、security
フィールドがGCEプロキシに、/airportName
パスがauth0-jwt
でセキュリティ保護されていることが期待されていることを伝えています。
OpenAPIの構成が更新されると、以下のようになります。
---
swagger: "2.0"
info:
title: "Airport Codes"
description: "Get the name of an airport from its three-letter IATA code."
version: "1.0.0"
host: "{yourGceProject}.appspot.com"
schemes:
- "https"
paths:
"/airportName":
get:
description: "Get the airport name for a given IATA code."
operationId: "airportName"
parameters:
-
name: iataCode
in: query
required: true
type: string
responses:
200:
description: "Success."
schema:
type: string
400:
description: "The IATA code is invalid or missing."
security:
- auth0_jwt: []
securityDefinitions:
auth0_jwt:
authorizationUrl: "https://{yourDomain}/authorize"
flow: "implicit"
type: "oauth2"
x-google-issuer: "https://{yourDomain}/"
x-google-jwks_uri: "https://{yourDomain}/.well-known/jwks.json"
x-google-audiences: "{yourApiIdentifier}"
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APIを再デプロイする
次に、GCE APIを再デプロイして、構成変更を適用します。Cloud Endpointsのクイックスタートに従った場合は、GoogleのCloud Shellに以下を入力することで再デプロイすることができます。
cd endpoints-quickstart/scripts
./deploy_api.sh
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APIをテストする
再デプロイが完了したら、セキュリティなしでAPIを再度呼び出します。
curl --request GET \
--url 'https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO'
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var client = new RestClient("https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO");
var request = new RestRequest(Method.GET);
IRestResponse response = client.Execute(request);
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package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"io/ioutil"
)
func main() {
url := "https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO"
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
res, _ := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
defer res.Body.Close()
body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
fmt.Println(res)
fmt.Println(string(body))
}
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HttpResponse<String> response = Unirest.get("https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")
.asString();
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var axios = require("axios").default;
var options = {
method: 'GET',
url: 'https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName',
params: {iataCode: 'SFO'}
};
axios.request(options).then(function (response) {
console.log(response.data);
}).catch(function (error) {
console.error(error);
});
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO"]
cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy
timeoutInterval:10.0];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request
completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"%@", error);
} else {
NSHTTPURLResponse *httpResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *) response;
NSLog(@"%@", httpResponse);
}
}];
[dataTask resume];
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$curl = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($curl, [
CURLOPT_URL => "https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO",
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_ENCODING => "",
CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS => 10,
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 30,
CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION => CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1,
CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST => "GET",
]);
$response = curl_exec($curl);
$err = curl_error($curl);
curl_close($curl);
if ($err) {
echo "cURL Error #:" . $err;
} else {
echo $response;
}
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import http.client
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection("")
conn.request("GET", "%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")
res = conn.getresponse()
data = res.read()
print(data.decode("utf-8"))
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require 'uri'
require 'net/http'
require 'openssl'
url = URI("https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")
http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
http.use_ssl = true
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(url)
response = http.request(request)
puts response.read_body
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import Foundation
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(url: NSURL(string: "https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")! as URL,
cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy,
timeoutInterval: 10.0)
request.httpMethod = "GET"
let session = URLSession.shared
let dataTask = session.dataTask(with: request as URLRequest, completionHandler: { (data, response, error) -> Void in
if (error != nil) {
print(error)
} else {
let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse
print(httpResponse)
}
})
dataTask.resume()
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以下のような応答が返されます。
{
"code": 16,
"message": "JWT validation failed: Missing or invalid credentials",
"details": [
{
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.DebugInfo",
"stackEntries": [],
"detail": "auth"
}
]
}
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期待どおりの結果です。
次に、Auth0 DashboardのGoogle Endpoints API定義の[Test(テスト)]ページに移動し、[Response(応答)]の下にあるアクセストークンをコピーします。
Authorization Header(認可ヘッダー)にBearer {ACCESS_TOKEN}
を設定し、APIに対してGET
要求を実行することで、認可されたアクセスを取得します。
curl --request GET \
--url 'https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO' \
--header 'authorization: Bearer {accessToken}'
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var client = new RestClient("https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO");
var request = new RestRequest(Method.GET);
request.AddHeader("authorization", "Bearer {accessToken}");
IRestResponse response = client.Execute(request);
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package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"io/ioutil"
)
func main() {
url := "https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO"
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
req.Header.Add("authorization", "Bearer {accessToken}")
res, _ := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
defer res.Body.Close()
body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
fmt.Println(res)
fmt.Println(string(body))
}
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HttpResponse<String> response = Unirest.get("https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")
.header("authorization", "Bearer {accessToken}")
.asString();
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var axios = require("axios").default;
var options = {
method: 'GET',
url: 'https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName',
params: {iataCode: 'SFO'},
headers: {authorization: 'Bearer {accessToken}'}
};
axios.request(options).then(function (response) {
console.log(response.data);
}).catch(function (error) {
console.error(error);
});
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NSDictionary *headers = @{ @"authorization": @"Bearer {accessToken}" };
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO"]
cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy
timeoutInterval:10.0];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];
[request setAllHTTPHeaderFields:headers];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request
completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"%@", error);
} else {
NSHTTPURLResponse *httpResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *) response;
NSLog(@"%@", httpResponse);
}
}];
[dataTask resume];
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$curl = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($curl, [
CURLOPT_URL => "https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO",
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_ENCODING => "",
CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS => 10,
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 30,
CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION => CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1,
CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST => "GET",
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => [
"authorization: Bearer {accessToken}"
],
]);
$response = curl_exec($curl);
$err = curl_error($curl);
curl_close($curl);
if ($err) {
echo "cURL Error #:" . $err;
} else {
echo $response;
}
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import http.client
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection("")
headers = { 'authorization': "Bearer {accessToken}" }
conn.request("GET", "%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO", headers=headers)
res = conn.getresponse()
data = res.read()
print(data.decode("utf-8"))
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require 'uri'
require 'net/http'
require 'openssl'
url = URI("https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")
http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
http.use_ssl = true
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(url)
request["authorization"] = 'Bearer {accessToken}'
response = http.request(request)
puts response.read_body
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import Foundation
let headers = ["authorization": "Bearer {accessToken}"]
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(url: NSURL(string: "https://%7ByourGceProject%7D.appspot.com/airportName?iataCode=SFO")! as URL,
cachePolicy: .useProtocolCachePolicy,
timeoutInterval: 10.0)
request.httpMethod = "GET"
request.allHTTPHeaderFields = headers
let session = URLSession.shared
let dataTask = session.dataTask(with: request as URLRequest, completionHandler: { (data, response, error) -> Void in
if (error != nil) {
print(error)
} else {
let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse
print(httpResponse)
}
})
dataTask.resume()
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これで作業完了です。